HYGIENE:A MANUAL OF Personal And Public Health Ebook Tooltip Ebooks kunnen worden gelezen op uw computer en op daarvoor geschikte e-readers.

This is a book for everyone in this world. Everybody must have known or heard that it is healthy, but some people do not pay attention to their health in today's runaway life, which keeps them falling sick again and again, but I am going to give some information in this BOOK.
The writing of a preface is perhaps superfluous for a book which has had a large and steady sale for nearly twenty years, and which has evidently met with the approval of a large constituency. A few words of introduction appear, however, desirable in view of the facts that the present edition has been almost entirely re-written; that a large amount of new matter has been introduced; and that, so far as is known, the comments on each subject represent the most recent and authoritative knowledge upon it.
An attempt has been made to meet the requirements of medical students, as well as of science students and general readers, for whom former editions were chiefly intended. A large class of medical students and practitioners do not require a detailed statement of the subject contained in the larger text-books. For them, and, it is hoped, also for a large number of candidates for diplomas in public health and in sanitary science, the present edition will prove to be useful. At the same time, the subject has been treated as non-technically as is consistent with accuracy, in order to retain its suitability for non-medical readers. A large number of new illustrations have been introduced.
The new chapters dealing with Dietetics, Trade Nuisances, Meteorological Observations, Tuberculosis, Disinfection, and Vital Statistics will, it is believed, enhance the value of the book.
Attention is also drawn to the solutions of mathematical problems in the different branches of hygiene, of which a table of contents is given on page viii.
In its new form, it is hoped that this work will be found to have retained its value as a plain and straightforward account of its subject for the general public and for science students; and to have become a practical guide to sanitary inspectors and to medical students, whether preparing for a diploma in public health or studying hygiene as an important branch of medicine. The use of smaller type for a special technical matter of less general interest will facilitate discriminative reading.
ARTHUR NEWSHOLME.
Brighton,
February 28th, 1902.
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Chapter. PAGE
I. —Introductory 1
II. —Food 4
III. —The Varieties of Food 9
IV. —Diseases due to Food 23
V. —Diet 29
VI. —The Preparation and Preservation of Food 38
VII. —Condiments and Beverages 45
VIII. —Fermented Drinks 55
IX. —Water 65
X. —The Storage and Delivery of Water 74
XI. —Impurities of Water 78
XII. —Origin and Effects of the Impurities of Water 89
XIII. —The Purification of Water 94
XIV. —Composition and Properties of Air 100
XV. —Suspended Impurities of Air 105
XVI. —Gaseous and Other Impurities of Air 111
XVII. —Trade Nuisances 120
XVIII. —The Examination of Air 125
XIX. —The Purification of Air 129
XX. —General Principles of Ventilation 132
XXI. —Problems as to Ventilation 137
XXII. —Methods of Ventilation 146
XXIII. —Ventilation by the Introduction of Warmed Air 155
XXIV. —The Warming of Houses 158
XXV. —House Drainage 165
XXVI. —Cesspools and Main Sewers 183
XXVII. —Problems as to Flow in Sewers 187
XXVIII. —The Disposal of Sewage 190
XXIX. —Conservancy Methods 194
XXX. —Position of the House 201
XXXI. —The Materials used in the construction of a House 205
XXXII. —Construction of the House 209
XXXIII. —The Soil 219
XXXIV. —Climate and Weather 227viii
XXXV. —Meteorological Observations 237
XXXVI. —Personal Hygiene 245
XXXVII. —Personal Hygiene—Exercise 249
XXXVIII. —Personal Hygiene—Rest and Sleep 257
XXXIX. —Personal Hygiene—Cleanliness 260
XL. —Clothing 265
XLI. —Parasites 273
XLII. —The Rôle of Insects in Spreading Disease 281
XLIII. —Infective Diseases 284
XLIV. —Acute Infective Diseases 291
XLV. —Tuberculosis 309
XLVI. —Notification and Isolation 317
XLVII. —Disinfection 324
XLVIII. —Vital Statistics 335
SPECIAL TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR ARITHMETICAL PROBLEMS IN HYGIENE.
PAGE
Problems in Milk Analysis 12
Problems in Dietetics 35
Problems in Water Analysis 86
Problems in Air Analysis 126
Problems as to Ventilation 137
Problems as to Flow in Sewers 187
Problems in Meteorology 242
Problems as to Work 254
Problems in Vital Statistics 336
About the Author:
Sir Arthur Newsholme KCB FRCP (10 February 1857 – 17 May 1943) was a leading British public health expert during the Victorian era. He was born at Haworth and died at Worthing. He recalled talking with people who had known the Brontë family. He was educated in Haworth and Keighley; entered St Thomas' Hospital, London, 1875
His mother was widowed at a young age. Newsholme strongly advocated the improvement of public health by state intervention, such as national health insurance, sanitary measurement, hospitals, and sanatoriums for the isolation of persons with a contagious disease. Some of these proposals for public health interventions were described in a seminal paper in 1919, with the following abstract:
"There is much illness that might have been avoided if there had been an organized system of state medicine," says Sir Arthur Newsholme, speaking of England. He would give a freer hand to the health officer who measures up to the standard. England's chief defect lies in the existence of small and inefficient local health bodies.
Newsholme lived through a time wherein England, and many other countries in the western world saw a demographic transition characterized by the exponential growth of the population since halfway the nineteenth century, which he explained both by a rise in fertility and mortality since the early nineteenth century, followed by a decline of mortality since halfway the nineteenth century followed by a decline in fertility after 1875. In his 1911 book on The Declining Birth-Rate he ascertained:
There is no reasonable doubt that the decline in the birth-rate, which is one of the most striking features of the last thirty years, has been principally caused by volitional regulation of the size of the family.'
He realized that the decline in the birth-rate was both be seen as a threat and an advantage:
The population question, in particular, is one in which thoughtful men have alternatively been racked by fears of depopulation or, at least, stagnation of population and of the excessive growth of population.'
Although a decrease in birth-rate could (and would) eventually results in a stagnation of population growth, and although the reasons to volitionally regulate the size of the family may sometimes have been 'selfish', the effect will eventually be beneficial to the development and prosperity of the population. Time proved that he was right:
It would not be fair to omit from consideration what is probably one of the chief factors tending to restrict families. This is the desire of parents with small incomes to educate their children more satisfactorily than they themselves were educated, and to give their children the means for rising in the social scale.' Source: Wikipedia