Manual Of Chemistry

MANUAL OP CHEMISTRY A GUIDE TO LECTURES AND LABORATORY WORK FOR BEGINNERS IN CHEMISTRY A TEXT-BOOK SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR STUDENTS OF MEDICINE, PHARMACY AND DENTISTRY BY W. SIMON, PH. D., M. D. LATE PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY IN THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND BURGEONS OP BALTIMORE, AND IN THE BALTIMORE COLLEGE OF DENTAL SURGERY AND DANIEL BASE, PH. D. PROFESSOR OP CHEMISTRY IN THE MARYLAND COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, BALTIMORE ELEVENTH EDITION, THOROUGHLY REVISED WITH FIFTY-FIVE ILLUSTRATIONS, ONE COLORED SPECTRA PLATE AND SIX COLORED PLATES REPRESENTING FORTY-EIGHT CHEMICAL REACTIONS LEA FEBIGEB PHILADELPHIA AND NEW YORK COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY LEA FEBIGEB. The use in this volume of certain portions of . the text of the United States Pharmacopoeia is by virtue of permission received from the Board of Trustees of the United States Pharmacopoeial Convention. The said Board of Trustees is not responsible for any inaccuracy nor for any errors in the statement of quantities or percentage strengths PEEFACE TO THE ELEVENTH EDITION. IN this new edition a number of changes involving rearrangement, addition and deletion have been made. In Section I on Physics, the chapters on light and electricity have been omitted, because it seemed to the reviser that the physics of light has little bearing on a course in elementary chemistry and that, while electricity is of greater importance than light in the study of chemistry, it can be studied to better advantage in a separate treatise on physics. How ever, the articles on the spectroscope and the polariscope have been retained, but have been placed in the Appendix. Former Sections II, III and IV are consolidated as Section IIunder the title General Chemistry, which falls into two subdivisions, the first of which treats of the non-metals, the second of the metals. While this classi fication of the elements is not in strict adherence to the periodic law, it nevertheless seems well adapted for the instruction of beginners as shown by experience, and therefore is retained in this book. The first subdivision of Section II, dealing with the non-meta has been entirely rearranged so as to give a logical sequence in tl presentation of laws, theories, and facts of observation. Much new matter has been - added, some portions have been partly, and the chapter on the determination of atomic and molecular weights entirely, rewritten. The second subdivision of Section II deals with the metals and their compounds. The classification adopted is that of the analytical groups, but at the same time the position of each metal in the periodic system and the resemblance it bears to the other members of the family to which it belongs are pointed out, thus keeping before the student the periodic system of classification. Section III is devoted to analytical chemistry and will serve the student as a guide in his laboratory work. Qualitative methods are chiefly considered, but a chapter on quantitative determinations by volumetric methods is also included. iii iv PREFACE TO THE ELEVENTH EDITION Section IV treats of organic chemistry. Though it is impossible to include within the limits of this text-book an extended considera tion of a branch of chemistry so highly developed, yet it is believed that an intelligent study of this part will familiarize the student with carbon compounds sufficiently to give him a clear understanding oftheir character, and a knowledge of the substances which are most important in medical and pharmaceutical science. Many new com pounds and much new matter in the nature of discussion have been added to this section. With the exception of the chapter on proteins, the section on Physiological Chemistry has been dropped from the Manual, because it is believed that teachers of this subject prefer a separate text in which a more extended treatment can be given the subject than is possible in the limits of this book...